He aha ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i tētahi pae whakawhitiwhiti kōrero photovoltaic? He aratohu mō te hanga i tētahi pae whakawhitiwhiti kōrero photovoltaic

He momo hanganga auaha te pae whakawhitiwhiti hiko photovoltaic e whakakotahi ana i te hangarau whakaputa hiko photovoltaic me te hanganga o ngā teihana turanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ka whakaratohia he puna hiko pumau me te pono mō ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i ngā wāhi kāore i te pai te horapa o te whatunga hiko, pērā i ngā rohe tūmatanui, ngā rohe maunga, me ngā moutere. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tirohanga whānui mō ngā taputapu matua me ngā taputapu āwhina e hiahiatia ana mō te hanga pae whakawhitiwhiti hiko photovoltaic, me ngā whakaaro whirihoranga matua, e tuku ana i ngā aratohu whai hua mō ngā tohunga ahumahi.

I. Ngā Taputapu Whakaputa Hiko Matua

1. Ngā Wāhanga Whakaata-pūngao (Ngā Paewhiri Rā)

Ko ngā kōwae photovoltaic te "ngakau" o te pūnaha katoa, e mahi ana ki te huri i te pūngao o te rā ki te iahiko tika (DC). Ko ngā wāhi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero e whakamahi ana i ngā panera rā monocrystalline, polycrystalline rānei, ko te nuinga o ngā whakatauranga mana mai i te 200W ki te 400W. Me whirihora tika te maha me te kaha o ngā kōwae photovoltaic i runga i te whakamahinga hiko o ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā āhuatanga o te rā o te rohe. E taunakihia ana kia whiriwhiria ngā hua waitohu he nui te whai huatanga o te huringa me te ātete kaha ki te huarere, me te pupuri i te tawhē kaha 15%–20%.

2. Ngā Hurihuri Whakaahua-Voltaic

Ka hurihia e ngā inverter te mana DC i hangaia e ngā waeine photovoltaic ki te mana AC hei whakamahi mā ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Mō ngā wāhi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, e taunakihia ana ngā inverter ngaru sine parakore, nā te mea ka puta he ngaru putanga ma e tiaki ana i ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tairongo. Mō te kōwhiringa mana, me 1.5 ki te 2 ngā wā nui ake te mana whakatauranga o te inverter i te katoa o te mana e pau ana i ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kia mau ai te mahi ahakoa i ngā wā tino taumaha.

3. Pēke Pūhiko

Ko te pēke pākahiko te "pūngao" mō ngā pae whakawhitiwhiti photovoltaic, e tuku hiko ana ki ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti i te pō, i te wā kapua, i te wā ua rānei. Ko ngā momo e toru e kitea whānuitia ana ko ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata, ngā pākahiko gel, me ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. He iti ake te utu o ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata engari he poto ake te roa o te ora; he iti te tiaki i ngā pākahiko gel, ā, he pai mō ngā pae kore tangata; ahakoa he nui ake te utu o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion, he roa te huringa o te ora me te nui o te kaha o te pūngao, koia te mea pai mō ngā pae teitei. Me tatau te kaha o te pākahiko i runga i te maha o ngā rā ua karapīpiti o te rohe me te toharite o te kaha e pau ana i ia rā o ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti.

II. Ngā Taputapu Tohatoha me te Whakahaere Hiko

1. Kaiwhakahaere PV

Ko te kaiwhakahaere PV te "roro" o te pūnaha whakaputa hiko photovoltaic. Ka whakahaere i te tukanga utu mai i ngā kōwae PV ki ngā pākahiko, ka ārai i te utu nui me te tukunga nui, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko. Mō ngā pae whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, e taunakihia ana kia whiriwhiria he kaiwhakahaere MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking), ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa hiko mā te 15%–30% ki te whakaritea ki ngā kaiwhakahaere PWM. Me nui ake te iahiko whakatauranga o te kaiwhakahaere i te 1.25 ngā wā o te iahiko poto-ara iahiko o ngā kōwae PV.

2. Kāpata Tohatoha Hiko

E whakamahia ana te kāpata tohatoha hiko mō te whakahaere me te tohatoha hiko pokapū, ā, kei roto ko ngā wāhanga tiaki pērā i ngā whati ara iahiko, ngā fiusi, me ngā parenga ngaru hiko. Me whai āhuatanga tiaki maha te kāpata tohatoha hiko i te wāhi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, tae atu ki te tiaki uira, te tiaki taumaha rawa, me te tiaki ara iahiko poto, kia pai ai te haumaru o te tuku hiko. Me whai tohu tiaki IP65 te kāpata hei tū atu ki ngā taiao kino o waho.

3. Pūnaha Aroturuki

Ko te pūnaha aroturuki mamao te "kanohi" o te pae whakawhitiwhiti PV, ka taea te aroturuki i ngā tawhā matua pēnei i te whakaputanga hiko o te waeine PV, te taumata utu pākahiko, te tūnga inverter, me te pāmahana taiao. Ka tukuna ngā raraunga ki te pokapū aroturuki mā roto i ngā whatunga 4G/5G, mā roto rānei i ngā whakawhitiwhiti amiorangi, kia taea ai te mahi kore tirotiro me ngā whakatūpato hapa. Me whakauru e te pūnaha aroturuki ngā mahi pēnei i te rokiroki raraunga hītori, ngā whakamōhiotanga whakaoho, me te mana mamao.

III. Ngā Taputapu Hanganga me te Tāutanga

1. Ngā Pūnaha Whakamau PV

Ka whakamahia ngā pūnaha whakairinga PV hei whakau me te tautoko i ngā waeine photovoltaic; me whiriwhiri te momo tika i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te whenua o te wāhi whakairinga. Mō ngā whakairinga whenua, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā turanga raima, i ngā pou tīwiri rānei; me whai whakaaro ngā whakairinga tuanui ki te kaha kawe kawenga me te ārai wai; me whai pūnaha whakairinga koki whakarerekē mō ngā whakairinga pari. Me hanga ngā rauemi whakairinga ki te rino whakarewa wera-tuku, ki te koranu konumohe rānei, e tino ātete ana ki te waikura.

2. Ngā Kāpata me ngā Whatanga

Me tāuta ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki roto i ngā kāpata he teitei ngā whakatauranga tiaki. Ko ngā kāpata he IP55, he IP65 rānei ngā whakatauranga tiaki, e whakarato ana i ngā āheinga ātete puehu, ātete wai, ātete waikura hoki. Me whai tahora whaitake te roto o ngā kāpata me te wāhi e tika ana mō te whakamarara i te wera, ā, me whai pūnaha whakahaere pāmahana (pā hau, hauhautanga rānei) kia tika ai te mahi a ngā taputapu.

3. Ngā Taura me ngā Hononga

Me whakamahi ngā taura PV motuhake mō ngā pūnaha photovoltaic, ā, he ātete ki te UV, he ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, he ātete ki te pāmahana iti. Me ārai ngā taura hiko mō ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kia iti ai te pokanoa hikohiko. Me ātete ki te wai me te puehu ngā hononga katoa; e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia ngā hua ā-ahumahi pērā i ngā hononga MC4.

IV. Taputapu Haumaru me ngā Āwhina

1. Pūnaha Tiaki Uira

I te mea kei ngā wāhi tuwhera ngā wāhi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero PV, he mea tino nui te ārai uira. Me tāuta ngā tokotoko uira me ngā taputapu ārai ngaru (SPD), ā, me whakatū he pūnaha whenua tika. Me iti iho i te 10 Ω te ātete whenua kia pai ai te marara o te iahiko i te wā e pā ana te uira.

2. Taputapu Haumaru Ahi

Me whakauru ngā roto o ngā kāpata ki ngā pūnaha tinei ahi aunoa (pērā i ngā pūnaha hau heptafluoropropane), ā, me whakanoho ngā taputapu tinei ahi pērā i ngā tinei ahi paura maroke ki te papaanga. Me whakauru ngā mahi whakaoho paowa me te pāmahana ki te pūnaha aroturuki.

3. Ngā Taputapu Aroturuki Taiao

Tāutahia ngā taputapu aroturuki taiao pēnei i ngā pūoko pāmahana me te haumākū, tae atu ki ngā pūoko tere me te ahunga o te hau, hei tautoko i ngā raraunga taiao mō te whakahaere o te pūnaha. I raro i ngā āhuatanga huarere kino, ka taea e te pūnaha te whakarerekē aunoa i tana rautaki whakahaere hei tiaki i te haumaru o ngā taputapu.

V. Ngā Kaupapa Matua me ngā Taunakitanga o te Whirihoranga

1. Te Mātāpono Taurite Pūmanawa

Me ōrite te kaha o ngā waeine photovoltaic, te kaha o te pākahiko, me te mana inverter. I te nuinga o te wā, ka whai te whirihoranga i te ōwehenga o "te mana o te waeine photovoltaic: te kaha o te pākahiko: te mana inverter = 1:1.2:1.5," ahakoa me whakarerekē motuhake i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te rā ā-rohe me te kaha e pau ana i ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.

2. Hoahoa Tauwhāinga

I runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tawhito o ngā taputapu me te hekenga o te whai huatanga, e taunakihia ana kia waiho kia 20%–30% te taupū kaha i te wā e hoahoa ana i te pūnaha. Mō ngā taputapu nui pēnei i ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā kaitahuri, e taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he taupū N+1.

3. Maamaa Tiaki

Me āwhina te whakatakotoranga o ngā taputapu i te tiaki me te whakatikatika, me te nui o te wāhi mahi kua rāhuitia. Me tāuta ngā pēke pākahiko ki ngā wāhi e pai ana te hau kia ngāwari ai te whakakapinga. Me whakarato te pūnaha aroturuki i ngā mōhiohio taipitopito mō te āhua o ngā taputapu hei āwhina i te tautuhi hapa.

4. Te Tatari Utu-Painga

I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taputapu, me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te haumitanga tuatahi, ngā utu whakahaere me te tiaki, me te roa o te mahi. Ahakoa he nui ake te haumitanga tuatahi mō ngā taputapu papai, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te utu katoa o te mana pupuri (TCO) i te wā roa.

He kaupapa hangarau pūnaha te hanganga o ngā pae whakawhitiwhiti whakaahua-hiko e hiahia ana kia whiriwhiria ngā whirihoranga taputapu e tika ana i runga i ngā horopaki tono motuhake. E taunakihia ana kia whakahaerehia he rangahau taipitopito mō te pae me ngā tātaritanga kawenga i mua i te whakatinanatanga o te kaupapa hei whakawhanake i tētahi mahere hanga pūtaiao. Hei tāpiri, me whakatū he pūnaha whakahaere O&M whānui, me ngā tirotiro taputapu auau me te tiaki kia mau tonu ai te mahi roa o ngā pae whakawhitiwhiti. I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakaahua-hiko me te hekenga tonu o ngā utu, ka nui haere te tūranga o ngā pae whakawhitiwhiti whakaahua-hiko i roto i ngā mara maha atu, ka whakarato i te kapinga whakawhitiwhiti pono mō ngā rohe tūmatanui.