Te Mana Pūngao Rā mō ngā Pourewa Waea: He Aratohu Hoahoa me te Pūtea Whai Hua

Ka taea e te hiko o te rā mō ngā pourewa waea te whakaiti i te wā e mahi ana ngā kaihanga hiko me te whakapai ake i te mana motuhake o te pūngao, engari kāore ngā panera anake e hanga i tētahi pūnaha hiko waea pono. Me ōrite te hoahoa ki te kawenga ine o te papa, te rauemi rā o te wā kino rawa atu, te whāinga mana motuhake, te matapihi ngaohiko DC, ngā rohe pākahiko me te whakaritenga whakaora. I roto i te maha o ngā wāhi, ko te whakautu pai ko te pūnaha ranu whakahaere kaua ki te papa kore-hanga hiko.

I te arotakenga tuatahi o te papaanga, ka wehea e au ngā mea ka taea te tatau mai i ngā mea me ine tonu. Ka taea te tirotiro wawe i te pūngao o ia rā me te rahi o te PV wā poto. Me whai raraunga papaanga me ngā ānau hua tonu te iahiko pākahiko, te whanonga wera, te whakaora i te iti o te rā me te hoahoa tiaki whakamutunga. Mā taua rerekētanga ka kore e huri puku te whakatau tata hei whakatakotoranga hoko.

He aha te rerekētanga o te pūngao rā waea mai i te pūngao rā arumoni noa

Ko te tuanui arumoni e whakamahi ana i te whatunga hiko hei ārai hiko. Kāore i te pai te teihana turanga kore-whatunga hiko. Mena he iti ake te hiko e tukuna ana e te marama hoahoa rā i te mea e tumanakohia ana, ka heke te āhua o te utu o te pākahiko i ia rā, i ia rā tae noa ki te momotu o te kawenga, ki te tīmata rānei he pūtake tārua.

He āhua anō hoki ngā kawenga waea. Tērā pea he tono turanga pumau tō te wāhi reo irirangi, he rerekētanga e pā ana ki te waka, he poto ngā tihi hiko me te kawenga whakamatao e whai ana i te pāmahana taiao. Mā ngā hononga ngaruiti, ngā rama aukati, te tirotiro, te mana urunga me ngā whakamahana kāpata ka tāpirihia he kawenga iti ake e ngāwari ana te ngaro. Ko ngā tāpiringa reo irirangi a meake nei ka nui ake te hiranga i te torutoru ōrau o te whai huatanga o te tahuritanga.

Kātahi ka tae mai te atanga DC. He maha ngā pūnaha waea e mahi ana i runga i te pahi DC -48 V. Ki te whakaaetia e te hoahoa, ka taea e te PV te utu i te pākahiko me te tuku kawenga DC mā te kaiwhakahaere MPPT me te pūnaha hiko DC me te kore e hiahiatia he huringa DC-ki-AC-ki-DC. E hiahiatia tonutia ana he inverter mō ngā kawenga AC, engari kaua e tāpirihia mā te tikanga.

Kōwhiria te hoahoa whakahaere i mua i te rahi o ngā wāhanga

Ko te whakarōpūtanga o te papaanga te mea tuatahi. Ko te kounga o te whatunga hiko, te urunga wahie, te whenua e wātea ana, te rauemi pūngao rā me ngā pānga o te motumotu ka whakatau ko tēhea hoahoa e tika ana kia whakatauirahia.

He ātaahua te āhua o tētahi whirihoranga pūngao rā parakore i roto i tētahi ripanga tātai nā te mea ka tangohia te wahie. Heoi, he iti ake te utu o tētahi whakaputa hiko tūmatanui iti i te tāuta i te kaha PV me te pākahiko hei taupoki i tētahi āhuatanga huarere maha-rā onge. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e tētahi whakaputa hiko nui rawa e mahi ngāwari ana mō ngā wā roa te moumou wahie me te pāngia e ngā raruraru tiaki ka taea te karo. Kāore au e tūtohu kia tangohia te pūtake tārua whakamutunga kia ora rā anō tētahi tauira ia hāora i ngā take iti-rā, ā, kua whakaae te kaiwhakahaere ki te mōrearea motumotu e toe ana.

Tīmata ki te kawenga ine me te huarere o te wā hoahoa

I te iti rawa, kohia ngā taunga o te papaanga, te kawenga ia hāora, ia 15 meneti rānei, te tono nui, ngā hononga DC me AC, te hītori o te motuhanga hiko, ngā tuhinga whakaputa hiko, te pāmahana o te kāpata, te rohe PV e wātea ana me te whakawhānui whatunga kua whakaritea. E toru ngā tuhinga e tino whakaatu ana: te tohu kawenga, ngā hāora o te whakaputa hiko me te hītori wahie i tukuna. Ina kōrerohia e rātou ngā kōrero rerekē, whakaarohia te turanga hiko hei mea wā poto, ā, kimihia he aha i mua i te whakatau i te rahi o ngā taputapu.

Mena kāore e wātea ana ngā raraunga mō ngā wā, hangaia he kaupapa whakarite mā te pūnaha iti, kaua e whakareatia ia whakatauranga ingoa mā te 24 hāora. Tohua ia whakatau tata hei ine, hei tatau, hei whakapae rānei. Mā taua tikanga iti ka māmā ake te arotake e whai ake nei.

Ka whakamahia te pūngao o ia rā hei whakatau i te kaha o te PV me te pākahiko. Ka tirohia motuhaketia te mana tihi nā te mea ka whakatauhia ngā whakatauranga o te kaiwhakahaere, te whakatikatika, te inverter, te taura, te pae pahi me te tiaki. He mea nui ngā mea e rua: ka taea tonu e te wāhi he iti te toharite o ia rā te whakaputa i te iahiko poto-roa teitei.

Tātaitanga tirotiro PV

E_source ko te pūngao me tuku ki te rohe pūnaha kua tīpakohia. PSH_design ko te uara o te hāora pīka o te rā mō te marama iti-rā e tika ana, ehara i te toharite ā-tau anake. K_PV e whakaatu ana i ngā mate taha-PV pērā i te pāmahana, te paru, te kore taurite, te waea, te mahi MPPT me te atarangi.

Kia kitea tonu ngā rohe o te mate. Ko ngā mate o te whakatikatika me te tohatoha kei roto i te ara hiko o raro; ko te pāmahana me te paru o te waeine kei te taha PV. Mena kei roto i te "tauwehe haumaru" kotahi e huna ana i roto i te "tauwehe haumaru" koretake, ka taea te tatau rua, ka ngaro katoa rānei.

Tātaitanga tirotiro pākahiko

E_autonomy ko te pūngao kawenga e hiahiatia ana i te wā e kore e wātea ana ngā pūtake kua tīpakohia. DoD e whakaaetia ana te hohonu o te tukunga, η_path he pai te mahi a te pākahiko-ki-te-uta, F_EOL ko te kaha pupuri e hiahiatia ana i te mutunga o te oranga, ā, F_temp e tohu ana i te kaha whakamahi i te pāmahana hoahoa. Kaua e tāpirihia anō he tauwehe mēnā kua whakaurua kētia ki te pūngao whakamahi kua whakapuakina o te hua.

He tauira tirotiro kua mahihia

Whakaarohia he wāhi tawhiti e whakaarohia ana he toharite 1.5 kW. Ko tana kawenga i tukuna he 36 kWh ia rā. Me kī ko te whai huatanga o raro he 88%, ā, ko te tahua whakamahere he 10%; ko te whāinga pūngao taha-pūtake he tata ki te 45 kWh ia rā. Me te 4.0 ngā hāora tihi-rā hoahoa me te tauwehenga whakaheke PV o te 0.78, ko te rarangi tīmatanga he tata ki te 14.4 kWp.

Inaianei, me kī me kawe e te pākahiko te kawenga 1.5 kW mō ngā hāora 12. Koia te 18 kWh e tukuna ana. Mēnā he 80% te hohonutanga e whakaaetia ana o te tukunga, 94% te pai o te ara me te 80% te pupuri i te mutunga o te oranga, ko te whakaritenga tuatahi o te papa ingoa he tata ki te 29.9 kWh i mua i te whakaawhiwhi i te kōwae me te whakatikatika pāmahana. Mā te whakaritenga mana motuhake 24-hāora ka tata ki te rua te pikinga o taua tatauranga.

Ehara ēnei tau i te kōrero whakahua. E whakaahua ana i tētahi huinga whakaaro, ā, e kitea katoa ana i roto i te ripanga. Me whakatauira te hoahoa whakamutunga i te āhua o te utu o te pākahiko ia hāora, ngā rā kino o te rangi, te pāmahana, te tipu o te kawenga me ngā motuhanga pūtake. Me huri hoki ki ngā kōwae pākahiko hototahi me te manatoko i te iahiko i te ngaohiko whakahaere iti rawa.

Ko te whakaoranga te tirotiro e warewarehia ana e te tangata

I muri i te motuhanga o te hiko, i te iti rānei o te rā, ka haere tonu te kawenga waea i te wā e whakakī ana te pākahiko. I roto i te tauira, ko te whakahoki mai i te 18 kWh i roto i ngā haora e ono i te 92% o te whai huatanga o te ara utu me whai tata ki te 3.3 kW mō te utu. Tāpirihia te kawenga pae 1.5 kW tonu, ā, me tuku e te pūtake e wātea ana te iti rawa 4.8 kW i mua i ētahi atu ngaronga me te wāhi e wātea ana.

Nō reira, ka taea e te pākahiko te nui hei whakahaere i a ia anō, engari he iti rawa te kaha o te PV, o te whakatikatika rānei, hei whakaora i mua i te huihuinga e whai ake nei. Me whakaatu e te whakatauira āhua-utu te rahui iti rawa me te wā e hiahiatia ana hei whakaora.

Ngā whakataunga wāhanga e pā ana ki te pono o te mara

Te whakatakotoranga me te hanganga o te PV

Mā te whakairi tika i ngā kōwae ki runga i te pourewa ka taea te penapena i te wāhi whenua, engari kāore te teitei o te pourewa e whakapai ake i te whakaputanga o te rā. Ka taea e ngā pūihi, ngā mea maitai, ngā taura me ngā tipu tata te hanga atarangi uaua. Ko te nui ake o te rohe hau, te kawenga hanganga, te horoi uaua me te urunga mahi-i-te-teitei ka nui ake i te penapena wāhi. Mena kāore e taea e te tohunga hangarau te horoi haumaru, te whakakapi rānei i te kōwae, kāore e tino whai hua te hua matapae. He māmā ake te whakatakoto, te tirotiro me te whakawhānui i ngā rarangi whenua, mena he whenua haumaru, kāore he marumaru o te papa.

Tirohia te hau, te hukarere, te waikura, te oneone, te turanga rānei, me te ngaohiko aho pāmahana makariri. Kei roto i te mahere tiaki te whakahaere i ngā tipu; ka taea te whakamarumaru i tētahi rarangi panera e mārama ana i te wā e whakatūria ana i te tau i muri mai.

Pūhiko me te BMS

E whakaarohia whānuitia ana te rino phosphate lithium mō te rokiroki waea nā tōna huringa-ora me ōna āhuatanga wera, engari kāore te matū e kī taurangi he pūnaha pai. Arotakehia te pūngao e taea te whakamahi, te iahiko tonu me te iahiko tihi, ngā here utu pāmahana-iti, te whakahekenga pāmahana-tiketike, te tiakitanga BMS, te taurite pūtau, te mōrahi rānei, te whakahokinga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ngā tikanga pūtāhui.

Me whai rautaki tiritiri-auau kua whakamanahia ngā pākahiko whakarara, he pūmanawa hototahi, me te tiaki peka takitahi. I mua i te hononga, me whakahaere ngā rerekētanga āhua-utu hei karo i te rerenga mai o te au, te au e rere ana rānei.

Ara hiko DC me te kaiwhakahaere ranu

Mā te kaiwhakahaere e whakatau te wā e mahi ai te PV i te kawenga, e utu ana i te pākahiko, e tīmata ana i te whakaputa hiko, e whakamahi rānei i te whatunga hiko. Me whakaata ōna kaupapa matua i te kaupapa here ratonga kaua ki te taunoa wheketere whānui. Me tiaki pea he rahui nui mai i ngā huringa penapena wahie noa. Waihoki, me ārai ngā paepae tīmatanga me te whakamutu o te whakaputa hiko i te huringa tere, ā, me tuku he poraka utu whai hua.

Whakaūtia te awhe ngaohiko pākahiko katoa ki te kawenga waea -48 V, ngā tautuhinga whakatikatika me te momotu ngaohiko iti. Mō ngā pae AC me DC whakauru, maherehia ia wāhanga tahuritanga me tōna whai huatanga.

Te Kāwanatanga me te tiaki taiao

Me nui atu i te whakatauranga IP matua te hiahia mō tētahi whare o waho. Ka pāngia te pono o te pūnaha hiko mō te wā roa e te pikinga o te rā, te hauhautanga, te tote, te puehu, ngā pepeke, ngā urunga taura, te rerenga wai me te wera o roto. Me whakaatu e ngā pūoko pāmahana ngā wae pākahiko me ngā wāhanga wera, kaua ko te hau e tata ana ki te tomokanga anake.

Ka pau te kaha i te whakamahana, te hauhautanga me te whakamatao, nō reira me whakauru ēnei ki te tauira kawenga. I ngā wāhi wera, ka piki ake pea te hiahia hiko o ia rā i tētahi kāpata e tiaki ana i te roa o te pākahiko. I ngā wāhi makariri, me whakahaere pea te whakamahana i mua i te whakaaetia o te utu.

Te aroturuki e ārahi ana ki te mahi

Ko ngā raraunga mamao whai hua ko te pūngao pūtake, te kawenga o te papa, te āhua o te utu o te pākahiko, te horapa o te pūtau, te kōwae rānei, te pāmahana, te tīmatanga o te whakaputa hiko, te taumata wahie, ngā kaupapa tiaki me te hauora whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ehara te papatohu e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te utu 100% i te tohu ka taea e te pākahiko te tuku i tōna pūngao kua whakatauria. He pai ake te whakamātau i ngā whakamātautau kaha, te hītori o ngā kaupapa me ngā raraunga ia. Whakatakotoria te mana o te whakaoho me ngā wā urupare i mua i te tukunga, ā, kia mau tonu te mahi haumaru a te kaiwhakahaere ā-rohe ina kore e wātea te hononga kapua, te hononga hoki whakamuri rānei.

Mō ētahi atu rauemi whakamahere kaupapa e aro nui ana ki ngā pae waea, ka taea e ngā kaihoko me ngā tīma hangarau te tirotiro i ēnei rauemi pūnaha hiko waea pūngao rā hei tohutoro tuarua i a rātou e whakarite ana i ā rātou pātai pae.

Whakatauritea te utu katoa o te huringa ora, kaua ko ngā panera anake me te tīhiera

Kāore he pire wahie a te Rā, engari kei te pūnaha waea pūngao rā tonu ngā utu whakapaipai, ratonga me te whakakapinga. Mō ngā whakatairite tīhiera, whakamahia te utu wahie i tukuna ki te pourewa, kaua te utu papu ā-motu. Ka taea e te āhua o te rori, te tawhiti, te haumarutanga me te rahi o ia tuku te whakarerekē nui i te maha. Ko te whakatairite tika ko te utu whakahekenga o te tuku i te wātea e hiahiatia ana i roto i te wā kaupapa.

Whakahaerehia kia toru ngā tauira: te tauira whakahaere o nāianei, he hoahoa ranu-pūngao-rā, me te hoahoa whakahou-teitei. Whakamātauria te utu wahie, te tau whakakapinga pākahiko, te tipu o te waka, te hua o te pūngao-rā me ngā whakaaro putea. He pai ake ki ahau te whakaatu i ngā whakaaro i te taha o te hua; he nui rawa ngā mea e huna ana e te nama whakahoki kotahi.

Ngā mahi whakahaere, te haumarutanga me ngā whakaaro hapori

Ka whakaitihia e te aroturuki mamao ngā haerenga koretake, engari kāore e tangohia te tiaki tinana. Me manatoko te whakatūnga i te polarity, te tiakitanga, te taipana, te mahere whakaoho, ngā āhua o te kaiwhakahaere, te tīmatanga o te whakaputa hiko, te whakaora pākahiko me te rere o te pūngao tuturu. Muri iho, me whakarite te ia o ngā raraunga hei utu mō te tatari mō te whakaoho ngaohiko iti. He pai te tirotiro i ngā wiki tuatahi, nā te mea ka whakaatuhia ngā tautuhinga hē, ngā atarangi ohorere me ngā kawenga kāore i te rangahauhia.

Me aro atu ki te tahae me te whakarerekē i ngā mahi hoahoa. Ka taea e ngā panera, ngā pākahiko, te wahie me te parahi te kukume i te tahae. Me whai whakaaro ngātahi ki te taiapa, te kimi whakarerekē, ngā here huna, te tohu rawa, te urunga whakahaere me te whakatakotoranga taputapu mohio. Me whakaae tonu ngā mahi haumaru ki te tiaki haumaru me te wehe i ngā āhuatanga ohorere.

Ka nohoia hoki te whenua e tētahi kaupapa hiko waea, ā, ka whakarerekē i ngā tauira mahi ā-rohe. Ka taea e te kōrero wawe ki ngā kaipupuri whenua me ngā hapori te whakatau i ngā āwangawanga mō te urunga mai, te tipu, te kanapa, te haruru me te haumarutanga. Ki te taea, whakangungua ngā tohunga hangarau ā-rohe me te tautuhi i te tautoko wāhanga tāpui ā-rohe. Ko tētahi kaupapa e whakaiti ana i ngā tuku tīhi engari kāore he pūnaha tiaki e toe ana, kua whakatau noa i te haurua o te raruraru.

Ina ehara pea te pūnaha waea pūngao rā i te mahi tuatahi tika

Ehara i te mea ko te pūngao rā te haumitanga pai rawa atu mō ngā pourewa katoa. Whakaarohia anō te hoahoa ina he nui te atarangi o te papaanga i te tau katoa, kāore he wāhi haumaru, he poto te rīhi e toe ana, he koretake te tipu o te kawenga, he iti rānei te utu o te whatunga hiko, he iti hoki te pānga o te mate. Ka taea hoki e ngā wā tino iti te pūngao rā te hanga i tētahi whakaputa hiko, te toronga whatunga hiko, te whakakotahitanga hau-rā rānei kia tika ake i ngā rahui PV me te pākahiko nui rawa atu.

I ētahi wā, ko te haumitanga tuatahi ko te whai huatanga: te whakatika i ngā mana whakahaere whakamatao, te tango i ngā taputapu tawhito, te whakatika i ngā ngaronga DC, te whakakotahi rānei i ngā kawenga. Mā ia tangohanga tonu o te 100 W ka penapenahia he 2.4 kWh ia rā, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te hiahia mō te PV me te pākahiko.

Ngā pātai hei tuku i roto i te tono tono mō te waea pūngao rā

• He aha te kōtaha kawenga i inehia, te kaha tihi me te tauira tipu ā-muri i whakamahia?
• Ko tēhea huinga raraunga rā, te marama hoahoa me ngā tau huarere e tautoko ana i te rahi o te PV?
• He aha ngā mate me ngā tawhē kei roto, ā, kei hea ō rātou rohe?
• E hia te kaha o te pākahiko e tae atu ana ki te kawenga i te tīmatanga me te mutunga o te ora?
• He aha ngā mea ka tupu i ngā rā pōuriuri e whai ake nei?
• Kia pēhea te roa o te whakaora i te mea kei te haere tonu te kawenga ora?
• Ko ēhea kawenga e toe ana ki te DC, ā, kei hea e hiahiatia ana te tahuritanga AC?
• Me pēhea te whakahaere i te tīmatanga, te whakamutu, te uta me te pakaru o te whakaputa hiko?
• He aha ngā rohe pāmahana me te au o te pākahiko?
• Me pēhea te whakatau i te atarangi, te hau, te waikura, te puehu, te hauhautanga me te tahae?
• Ko ēhea ngā whakaoho e wātea ana i te rohe me te tawhiti, ā, ko wai ka whakautu mai?
• He aha ngā whakamātautau whakaae o te wheketere me te papaanga e whakaatu ana i ia momo whakahaere?
• He aha ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana, te tautoko pūmanawa me ngā ratonga mara e wātea ana?
• Nā wai te whakakapinga pākahiko, te kawe me te whakahaere i te pākahiko mō te mutunga o te ora?

Te huarahi e whakatata atu ai a Huijue ki te pūngao o te pae waea

Ka whakawhanakehia e Huijue ngā otinga hiko waea whakauru e whakakotahi ana i te tuku, te tohatoha, te tārua, te tiaki me te aroturuki huri noa i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere o te papaanga. I runga i te kaupapa, ka uru pea ki te hoahoa te whakaputa PV, te whakahaere MPPT, te rokiroki pākahiko lithium, te mana DC -48 V noa, te whakaurunga whatunga, te whakauru whakaputa hiko rānei, te whakahaere taiao me te whakahaere pūngao mamao.

Me tīmata te tono me ngā taunakitanga, kaua ki te rahi o te kāpata kua whakaritea. Ko ngā whakaurunga whai hua ko ngā taunga, te kōtaha kawenga, te whāinga mana motuhake, te matapihi ngaohiko, te hītori whatunga me te whakaputa hiko, ngā rohe āhuarangi, te rohe o te rā e wātea ana, te kawa whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te whānui e tumanakohia ana. Mai i reira, ka taea e te tīma hangarau te whakataurite i ngā hoahoa me te tautuhi ko ēhea ngā whakaaro me whakaū i te mara.

Pātai auau

Ka taea e te pourewa waea te whakahaere katoa i te hiko o te rā?

Āe, mēnā he hototahi ngā rauemi pūngao rā, te wāhi kāore i te whakamarumaruhia, te kaha rokiroki me te kawenga. Me whakamātautau tonu te tauira raupapa-wā i te wā iti o te pūngao rā me te whakaoranga e hiahiatia ana. Tērā pea ka pupuri ngā wāhi nui i tētahi mīhini whakaputa hiko, i tētahi atu puna tārua rānei mō ngā huihuinga onge.

E hia ngā panera rā e hiahiatia ana e te pourewa pūtau?

Kāore he whakautu pono mai i te momo pourewa anake. Ko te maha o ngā panera e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kawenga o ia rā, te whakatauranga o te panera, te hihi o te rā i ia marama hoahoa, te pāmahana, te atarangi, ngā ngaronga pūnaha, te aronga me te tawhā tipu. Tīmata ki te kWh ia rā, kaua ki te ture whānui mō ia panera.

Me whai inverter tonu te pae waea hiko-rā?

Kāo. He maha ngā kawenga waea e whakamahi ana i te -48 V DC, ā, ka taea te tuku mā te hoahoa DC e tika ana. Me whai inverter mō ngā kawenga AC. Ko te tango i ngā wāhanga tahuritanga kāore e hiahiatia ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga me te whakahaere i te ara hiko.

Kia pēhea te mana motuhake o te pākahiko e tika ana?

Me tautuhi te kaiwhakahaere i te mana motuhake mai i te ūnga ratonga, te huarere, te pono o te pūtake me te wā urupare. Tērā pea ka hiahiatia he hāora mō tētahi wāhi e āwhinahia ana e te whatunga hiko, engari ko tētahi wāhi tawhiti kei waho o te whatunga hiko ka roa ake pea. Mā te roa o te mana motuhake ka nui ake te utu, te tapuwae me te tono whakaora.

Ka taea te whakairi i ngā panera rā ki runga i te pourewa waea?

Ka taea ēnei i roto i ētahi whirihoranga hangarau, engari me arotake te hanganga, te utaina o te hau, te atarangi, te ara taura, te taiao RF me te urunga tiaki. He māmā ake te whakairi i te whenua ina wātea he whenua haumaru.